Allantoin as an independent marker associated with carotid intima-media thickness in subclinical atherosclerosis

Allantoin is the main product of uric acid oxidation and was found to be augmented in atherosclerotic plaque in human autopsy and in animal models of atherosclerosis. Uric acid is abundant in human plasma and is prone to oxidation in inflammatory conditions such as atherosclerosis. In this study, we found a significant increase in plasma uric acid (P=0.002) and allantoin (P=0.025) in participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) that presented common carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) within the 75th percentile (c-IMT≥P75). Multiple linear regression showed an association of c-IMT with uric acid (β=0.0004, P=0.014) and allantoin (β=0.018, P=0.008). This association was independent of age, the traditional risk factor LDL/HDL ratio, and non-traditional risk factors: pulse pressure, neck circumference, and the inflammatory marker myeloperoxidase. The independent and strong association of allantoin with c-IMT shows that it might be a useful marker, along with other traditional risk factors, to evaluate an early stage of atherosclerosis.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Thirteen Marker Components in Traditional Korean Formula, Samryeongbaekchul-san using an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Equipped with Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

For efficient quality control of the Samryeongbaekchul-san decoction, a powerful and accurate an ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS) method was developed for quantitative analysis of the thirteen constituents: allantoin (1), spinosin (2), liquiritin (3), ginsenoside Rg1 (4), liquiritigenin (5), platycodin D2 (6), platycodin D (7), ginsenoside Rb1 (8), glycyrrhizin (9), 6-gingerol (10), atractylenolide III (11), atractylenolide II (12), and atractylenolide I (13). Separation of the compounds 1 - 13 was performed on a UPLC BEH C₁₈ column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 µm) at a column temperature of 40 ℃ with a gradient solvent system of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid aqueous-acetonitrile. The flow rate and injection volume were 0.3 mL/min and 2.0 µL. Calibration curves of all compounds were showed good linearity with values of the correlation coefficient ≥ 0.9920 within the test ranges. The values of limits of detection and quantification for all analytes were 0.04 - 4.53 ng/mL and 0.13 - 13.60 ng/mL. The result of an experiment, compounds 2, 6, 12, and 13 were not detected while compounds 1, 3 - 5, and 7 - 11 were detected with 1,570.42, 5,239.85, 299.35, 318.88, 562.27, 340.87, 12,253.69, 73.80, and 115.01 µg/g, respectively.

New variety breeding of Dioscorea alata, cultivar "Wenshanyao No.1 / 中国中药杂志

To breed a new yam cultivar of Dioscorea alata, the different and excellent germplasm resources were investigated within artificially cultivated population and some superior individuals, with a higher yield and medicinal properties, were selected. Considering results of the yield and medicinal properties during 2006-2013 cropping season, strains and lines were established and selected. As a result, the yield of the new developed cultivar (Wenshanyao No. 1, WSY01-1) reached 2217. 0 kg per 667 m2 (fresh weight) and 348.3 kg per 667 m2 (dry weight), and increased 23.8% and 23.9% comparing with control cultivars (landraces). Comparing with control cultivars, the level of polysaccharide, allantoin, and dioscin increased 36.9%, 48.3%, 20.9%, and reached 12.2%, 1.30%, 579.7 µg · g(-1), respectively. This result showed that the systematic selection method can significantly improve yield and medicinal properties of D. alata, and the developed " Wenshanyao No. 1" exhibits wide spreading prospects.

Use of Cream Containing Mucus Secreted by Snails Has an Anti-aging Effect on Skin / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: A cream made from mucus secreted by snails contains 80% mucin, as well as glycosaminoglycan, allantoin for skin rejuvenation, glycolic acid for keratin removal, and collagen and elastin, which are components of dermis. OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of using cream containing mucus secreted by snails to reduce wrinkles, improve skin elasticity, restore dermal density, and lift the skin. METHODS: Cream containing mucus secreted by snails was applied to the lateral epicanthal areas and the left cheek of 10 subjects for 4 weeks twice per day. Wrinkles, skin elasticity, dermal density, and skin tightening were evaluated at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks. A patient survey was conducted at 4 weeks. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between baseline and 4 weeks after applying the cream in terms of wrinkles, skin elasticity, dermal density, and skin tightening (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Use of cream containing mucus secreted by snails seems to be effective for anti-aging of the skin. Long term follow up studies, such as 3 or 6 months, to confirm the efficacy of the cream should be conducted involving a larger number of patients.

Study on quality standard of Psammosilene tunicoides based on absorbed active components in rat plasma / 中国中药杂志

A method for determintion of allantion in Psammosilene tunicoides was established by HPLC. Using alcohol as the extraction solvent, the subsequent filtrate of P. tunicoides was analysed by HPLC. Allantoin was successfully detected and separated by ZORBAX NH2 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm,5 microm) at wavelength of 220 nm and column temperature of 40 degrees C, with acetonitrile-water (93: 7) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The results showed that it had a good linear relationship between the concent ration of allantion and chromatographic peak area. The linear correlation coefficient of allantion was 0.999 5 in 0.010 4-0.166 g x L(-1). The relative standard deviation of six parallel injections was less than 2.1%. The average recoveries were ranged from 95.47% to 100.9%. This method was sensitive and accurate for the determination of allantion in P. tunicoides.

The Effects of Topical Agent (Kelo-Cote or Contractubex) Massage on the Thickness of Post-Burn Scar Tissue Formed in Rats

BACKGROUND: We conducted an experimental study to compare the effect of massage using topical agents (Kelo-cote or Contractubex) on scar formation by massaging the healed burn wound on the dorsal area of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS: Four areas of second degree contact burn were made on the dorsal area of each of 15 SD rats, using a soldering iron 15 mm in diameter. After gross epithelialization in the defect, 15 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: the Kelo-cote group, Contractubex group, Vaseline group, and control group. Rats in three of the groups (all but the Control group) were massaged twice per day for 5 minutes each day, while those in the Control group were left unattended. For histologic analysis, we performed a biopsy and evaluated the thickness of scar tissue. RESULTS: In the Kelo-cote and Contractubex groups, scar tissue thicknesses showed a significant decrease, compared with the Vaseline and control groups. However, no significant differences were observed between the Kelo-cote and Contractubex groups. In the Vaseline group, scar tissue thicknesses showed a significant decrease, compared with the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that massage using a topical agent is helpful in the prevention of scar formation and that massage only with lubricant (no use of a topical agent) also has a considerable effect, although not as much as the use of a topical agent. Thus, we recommend massage with a topical agent on the post-burn scar as an effective method for decreasing the scar thickness.

Parâmetros da fermentação ruminal e concentração de derivados de purina de vacas em lactação alimentadas com castanha de caju / Ruminal fermentative parameters and concentration of purine derivatives in lactating dairy cows fed cashew nut

Avaliaram-se os parâmetros de fermentação ruminal e a concentração de derivados de purinas na urina de vacas leiteiras alimentadas com teores crescentes de castanha de caju na dieta. Foram utilizadas oito vacas Holandesas multíparas, sendo quatro fistuladas no rúmen, com produção média de 28±4kg de leite/dia. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o quadrado latino 4x4, com parcelas subdivididas para os parâmetros ruminais e duplo para determinação dos derivados de purina. Os tratamentos avaliados consistiram na inclusão de 0; 8; 16 e 24% de castanha de caju moída na porção concentrada da dieta. O comportamento do pH ruminal foi semelhante entre as dietas avaliadas segundo os tempos após alimentação. A concentração média de nitrogênio amoniacal foi 12,70mg/100mL de líquido ruminal. Os valores médios de acetato e butirato apresentaram padrão linear de resposta, contudo a relação acetato:propionato não foi alterada pela adição do coproduto. As excreções de derivados de purina na urina não variaram significativamente (P>0,05) com a adição de castanha de caju. A inclusão de castanha de caju não afetou os parâmetros de fermentação ruminal nem as concentrações de derivados de purinas; dessa forma, pode ser recomendada como alternativa potencial na alimentação de vacas leiteiras em lactação.

The parameters of rumen fermentation and the concentration of purine derivatives in the urine of dairy cows fed with increasing levels of cashew nut in the diet were evaluated. Eight multiparous holstein cows were used, being four rumen cannulated, with average production of 28±4kg of milk/day. The experimental design adopted was a 4x4 Latin square with split plots for the ruminal parameters and double for the determination of purine derivatives. The treatments consisted of the inclusion of 0; 8; 16 and 24% of cashew nut in the concentrate portion of the diet. The behavior of the ruminal pH was similar between the evaluated diets according to the time after feeding. The average concentration of ammonia nitrogen was 12.70mg/100mL of rumen fluid. The average values of acetate and butyrate showed a linear response, but the acetate:propionate ratio wasnot altered by the addition of the coproduct. The excretions of purine derivatives in urine did not differ significantly (P>0.05) with the addition of cashew nut. The inclusion of cashew nut did not affect ruminal fermentation parameters neither the concentrations of purine derivatives, so it can be recommended as a potential alternative for feeding dairy cows.

Profile of wound healing process induced by allantoin / Perfil do processo de cicatrização induzido pela alantoína

PURPOSE: To evaluate and characterize the wound healing process profile induced by allantoin incorporated in soft lotion oil/water emulsion using the planimetric and histological methods. METHODS: Female Wistar rats (n=60) were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups: (C) control group-without treatment; (E) group treated with soft lotion O/W emulsion excipients; (EA) group treated with soft lotion O/W emulsion containing allantoin 5 percent. The emulsions either containing or not allantoin were topically administered for 14 days and the wound area was evaluated by planimetry and by qualitative and quantitative histological analysis of open wound model. RESULTS: The data which were obtained and analyzed innovate by demonstrating, qualitatively and quantitatively, by histological analysis, the profile of healing process induced by allantoin. The results suggest that the wound healing mechanism induced by allantoin occurs via the regulation of inflammatory response and stimulus to fibroblastic proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. CONCLUSION: This work show, for the first time, the histological wound healing profile induced by allantoin in rats and demonstrated that it is able to ameliorate and fasten the reestablishment of the normal skin.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar e caracterizar o perfil cicatricial induzido pela alantoína incorporada em uma emulsão óleo/água, sob os aspectos planimétrico e histológico. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar fêmeas (n=60) foram agrupados aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais grupo controle - sem tratamento (C); grupo tratado com emulsão pura (E); grupo tratado com emulsão contendo 5 por cento de alantoína (EA). As emulsões contendo ou não alantoína foram administradas topicamente durante 14 dias e a área da ferida foi avaliada por planimetria e por análise histológica qualitativa e quantitativa em modelo de ferida aberta. RESULTADOS: Na análise planimétrica não foi observado diferenças significativas entre os grupos experimentais. Os resultados da análise histológica sugerem que o mecanismo de cicatrização induzido pela alantoína ocorre via controle da resposta inflamatória e estímulos à proliferação fibroblástica e síntese de matrix extracelular de maneira mais intensa e rapidamente em relação aos grupos controles. CONCLUSÃO: Este trabalho mostra pela primeira vez o perfil histológico de cicatrização induzido pela alantoína em ratos, demonstrando ser capaz de melhorar e acelerar o processo de reconstituição da pele.

Estudo clínico, monocego, da tolerabilidade cutânea e eficácia preventiva de assaduras de um produto tópico*, em condições reais de uso / A monoblind clinical trial study of cutaneous tolerability and preventive efficacy for diaper's rash os a topic product in real life or real use conditions

O uso crescente de produtos cosméticos tem sido cada vez mais comum em nosso meio, fazendo parte do receituário médico. O presente estudo tem por finalidade determinar a prevalência de reações adversas, em condições reais de uso, de um hidratante infantil contendo alantoína e alfa-bisabolol. Também foi avaliada a eficácia preventiva de assaduras.

Isolation and regeneration of transiently transformed protoplasts from gametophytic blades of the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis

Despite the recent progress of transient gene expression systems in a red alga Porphyra yezoensis by particle bombardment, a stable transformation system has yet to establish in any marine red macrophytes. One of the reasons of the difficulty in genetic transformation in red algae is the lack of systems to select and isolate transformed cells from gametophytic blades. Thus, toward the establishment of the stable transformation system in P. yezoensis, we have developed a procedure by which transiently transformed gametophytic cells were prepared from particle bombarded-gametophytic blade as regeneratable protoplasts. Using mixture of marine bacterial enzymes, yield of protoplasts was high as reported elsewhere; however, these protoplasts did not develop. In contrast, protoplasts prepared from gametophytes treated with allantoin were normally developed, in which the overexpression of a â-glucuronidase reporter gene had no effect on the regeneration of protoplasts. Therefore, the use of allantoin in protoplast preparation sheds a new light on the realization of an efficient isolation and selection of study transformed cells from gametophytic blades.

Chemical contituents in leaves of Ehretia thyrsiflora / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents of Ehretia thyrsiflora.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated with silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-C18 colum chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by means of physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six compounds were isolated and identified as beta-sitosterol (1), ethyl caffeate (2), 2-methoxyl benzoic acid octyl ester (3), tetradecenoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (4), daucoster (5), allantoin (6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1-5 were obtained from this species for the first time. Compounds 2-5 were obtained from the genus Ehretia for the first time.</p>

Eficacia y seguridad en el tratamiento conservador de cicatrices hipertróficas y queloides con heparina, Extracto Cepae y Alantoína / Efficacy and safety in the conservative treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids with Heparin, Extract Cepae and Allantoin

Con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia clínica de un producto compuesto por heparina sódica 50 UI, Allium cepae 10 %, alantoína 1 % en la evolución de cicatrices patológicas, se realizó un ensayo abierto en un solo centro de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. La muestra incluyó a 50 pacientes que presentaban cicatrices no fisiológicas (hipertróficas y queloides) producto de cirugías estéticas o reconstructivas. Luego de un período de seis meses de tratamiento se controló su resultado mediante el análisis morfológico de la cicatriz y la intensidad de los síntomas acompañantes. Al completar la terapia de tres aplicaciones diarias del compuesto, se evidenció una reducción promedio del 33,3 % del ancho y 42,7 % de la altura de la lesión.

Processing technics of Rhizoma Dioscoreae stired by wheat bran / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the processing technics of prepared slice of Rhizoma Dioscoreae for its industrial production.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The effect factors, such as stiring temperature (60, 80, 100 degrees C), stiring time (10, 20, 30 min) and the proportion of pieces and wheat bran (100: 5, 100: 10, 100: 15) were evaluated by orthogonal method. The content of allantoin in Rhizoma Dioscoreae was determine by HPLC method.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The amount of wheat bran could affect the content of allation significantly, and stiring temperature and stiring time almost had no effect on content of allantoin. The processing technics was tested by industrial produce, according to 11 batches from 4 growing regions. The result showed that the quality of industrial product was stable.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>That the amount of wheat bran can affect the quality of Rhizoma Dioscoreae greatly. The determined technics is simple and suitable for prepared slice of Rhizoma Dioscoreae industrival manufacture.</p>

Relación entre el flujo de proteína microbiana hacia el duodeno y algunos parámetros metabólicos y productivos en vacas lactantes de un hato lechero del Oriente Antioqueño / Relationship between the microbial protein flow to the duodenum and some metabolic and productive parameters of lactating cows in a dairy herd of the Antioquia east

Con la finalidad de estimar el flujo de proteína microbial hacia el duodeno (PMFD) en vacas lactantes a partir de la excreción urinaria de alantoína y establecer su relación con algunos parámetros del comportamiento productivo, se utilizaron ocho vacas (4 Holstein y 4 BON x Holstein) en diferente estado de lactancia (55 a 361 días en lactancia) que permanecieron bajo estabulación durante nueve días consumiendo pasto kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum), concentrado comercial y sal mineralizada. Durante los tres últimos días se registró la producción de leche (PL) y se tomaron muestras para analizar la concentración de proteína cruda (PCL) y nitrógeno ureico (NUL). En muestras del pasto ydel concentrado se determinó la materia seca (MS), la proteína cruda (PC), las cenizas (Cen), el extracto etéreo (EE), la fibra en detergente neutro (FDN), el nitrógeno insoluble en detergente neutro (PCIDN) y los carbohidratos no estructurales (CNE) y se estimó la concentración de nutrientes digestibles totales (NDT). Se determinó el consumo de materia seca (CMS) (11.63 ± 1.8 kg/vaca/d), el nitrógeno ingerido total (NIT) (249.9 ± 57.7 gr/vaca/d), la proteína degradable en rumen (PDR) del pasto y delconcentrado mediante la técnica in situ, y la relación CNE: PDR (1.1 ± 0.15 gr: gr). Los dos últimos días se recolectó la orina excretada por cada vaca (OR) donde se determinó la concentración de nitrógeno (NO) (23.08 ± 5.64 kg/vaca/d) y de alantoina (16.9 ± 15.1 g/d) a partir de la cual se estimó laPMFD (482.9 ± 509.7 g/vaca/d). Asimismo, con base en los NDT consumidos se estimó la PMFD (PMFDNRC) (769.80 ± 161.20 g/cow/d). Se establecieron relaciones mediante ecuaciones de regresión lineal entre el NO y la OR (p<0.03), la PMFD con el CMS (p<0.04) y con el NIT (p<0.04), y entre la PL (p<0.05), la PCL (p<0.03) y el NUL (p<0.06) con la PMFD. La relación con CNE: PDR no fue estadísticamente significativa (p>0.7). Los datos sugieren que la excreción de alantoína en orina sepuede usar para....

Studies on water-soluble chemical constituents in root of Achyranthes bidentata / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the water-soluble chemical constituents in root of Achyranthes bidentata.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chemical constituents were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and the structures were elucidated by the NMR spectra and physico-chemical properties.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seven compounds were obtained and identified as n-butyl-beta-D-fructopyranoside (I), oleanoic acid (II), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl], oleanoic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (III), allantoin (IV), 20-hydroxy ecdysone (V), glutamic acid (VI), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl], oleanoic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (VII).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds III-VII were obtained from this plant for the first time.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents from the root of Mirablis jalapa / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents from the root of Mirabilis jalapa.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated from 75% ethanolic extract of the titled herb by silica gel column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by physical and chemical evidences and spectroscopic analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Four compounds were obtained and identified as (2, 5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)-urea (1), glycerin monoeicosate (2), boeravinone (3) and beta-sitosterol (4).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound (2) is a new compound, and compound (1) was obtained from this plant for the first time.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents in herb of Lamium maculatum L. var Kansuense / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from Lamium maculatum L. var Kansuense.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chemical constituents were isolated and repeatedly purified by silica gel column chromatography and the structures were elucidated by the NMR spectra and physico-chemical properties.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Ten compounds were obtained and they were identified as D-mannitol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, rutin, 3'-methylquercetin-3-O-rutinoside, n-butyl-beta-D-fructopyranoside, daucosterol, acteoside, 20-hydroxyecdysone, allantoin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All the compounds were obtained from L. maculatum L. var Kansuense for the first time.</p>

A Clinical Study of the Effect of Periodontitis-Medical Gel on Human Gingivitis and Periodontitis / 대한치주과학회지

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, Allantoin, Hinokitiol, Cetylpyridinium chloride containing gel(Dentheth(R)) on periodontitis. 41 patients with sites having pocket depth of 4-6mm were selected for the study. We classified 2 groups which consisted of 21 patients in the test group(exp.) and 20 patients in the control(placebo) respectively. Following a baseline examination, plaque and calculus were removed and then the experimental gel were handed out to the patients and topical application regimens were initiated. During the 4-week experimental period, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, gingival index, plaque index as a clinical parameters were measured in the baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks respectively. A questionnaire was delivered to each patients in 2 weeks, 4 weeks respectively. The results were as follows : 1.Probing pocket depth showed a significant difference in the Exp. group compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups in the changes from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 2.The Exp. group showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks, from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks in bleeding on probing(p<0.05). 3. The gingival index showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks, from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks after 4 weeks use of a gel(p<0.05). 4.The plaque index showed a significant difference in the Exp. group compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups in the changes from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 5.A questionnaire was consisted of 5 kinds as to bleeding, pus discharge, pain, burning sensation, patient's satisfaction and all of the questions showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 6.During the 4-week experimental period, important side-effects were not finded out, but each groups had one patient appealed nausea or discomfort respectively. These results indicate that application of periodontitis-medical gel was useful as an additional aid of mechanical treatment.

Estimación de la síntesis de proteína microbial en rumiantes a traves de la medición de los derivados de purina en orina / The estimation of microbial protein synthesis in rumiants using the urinary excretion of purine derivates

La presente revisión tuvo como objetivo recopilar y presentar información actualizada sobre la técnica de los derivados de purina en rumiantes domésticos. La técnica de los derivados de purina representa una alternativa simple y no invasiva para el estudio del aporte de N microbial a nivel intestino delgado en animales rumiantes. Existe información y modelos cuantitativos de respuesta para bovinos y ovinos que permiten el uso de esta técnica, y numerosos métodos analíticos publicados para el análisis de los derivados de purina. El método de los derivados de purina tiene la ventaja de no requerir animales quirúrgicamente preparados, pero tiene la desventaja de requerir colecta total de orina. El uso de submuestras de orina colectada a lo largo del día(s) junto con el índice `derivados de purina:creatinina' puede ser una alternativa a la colección total de orina, pero se necesita más información sobre este punto. La medición de los derivados purínicos en leche no parece ser una alternativa viable a la colección total de orina. Deben de validarse algunos de los parámetros en uso para el cálculo del flujo de nitrógeno microbial al intestino como son; la recuperación de purinas microbiales absorbidas como derivados purínicos en orina y la digestibilidad de la purina en intestino delgado en animales bajo condiciones de alimentación normal. No obstante, comparada con otras téncicas convencionales, la medición de los derivados de purina en orina representa una herramienta simple para profundizar en el estudio y entendimiento de la dinámica ruminal